Statistics Terminology: Bias
03/20/08
Statistics Terminology: Bias
Bias is a term which refers to how far the average statistic lies from the parameter it is estimating, that is, the error which arises when estimating a quantity. Errors from chance will cancel each other out in the long run, those from bias will not.
The following illustrates bias and precision, where the target value is the bulls eye:
| Precise | Imprecise | |
| Biased |  |  |
| Unbiased |  |  |
Example
The police decide to estimate the average speed of drivers using the fast lane of the motorway and consider how it can be done. One method suggested is to tail cars using police patrol cars and record their speeds as being the same as that of the police car. This is likely to produce a biased result as any driver exceeding the speed limit will slow down on seeing a police car behind them. The police then decide to use an unmarked car for their investigation using a speed gun operated by a constable. This is an unbiased method of measuring speed, but is imprecise compared to using a calibrated speedometer to take the measurement.
Read More more details about this definition and another statistical terms at our new Statistics Terminology Glossary.
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